Five-membered nitrogen heterocycles (pyrrole, imidazole and 1,2,4-triazole) have been degraded using titanium dioxide and simulated solar radiation at pH = 8. The degradations followed a simple Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism. Accordingly, the adsorption equilibrium constants K of the heterocycles on the titanium dioxide surface and the rate constants k of degradation of the heterocycle-catalyst adduct have been obtained experimentally. While the K values decrease with heterocycle pKa, the k values increase with increasing pKa. Therefore, apparently, the rate constant depends on the availability of the electron pair on nitrogen, but at the same time the electron pair repulsion induced by the negatively charged titanium dioxide surface at pH = 8 causes a reverse effect in the adsorption equilibrium constant. Only in the case of imidazole, where the adsorption equilibrium constant is low enough (K = 0.013 M(-1)), can the rate constant be approximated to a pseudo-first-order rate expression: k(obs) = Kk. In all other cases, k(obs) = Kk/(1 + K(heterocycle)). 相似文献
Roots of the Fe-efficient tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., cultivar Floradel) were cultured in an inorganic medium supplemented with glycine, thiamine, pyridoxine, and nicotinic acid, with sucrose as an energy and carbon source. Iron was supplied as ferric hydroxyethylethylenediaminetriacetic acid (FeHEDTA) and the initial PH was 5.5. Root growth was limited when less than 40 μm FeHEDTA was supplied. Roots grown at lower Fe concentrations decreased the pH of the FCR assay medium to a greater extent than did roots grown at higher Fe concentrations. Cultured roots grown with 10 μm FeHEDTA had increased levels of ferric chelate reductase (FCR) activity compared to roots grown with either lower or higher concentrations of FeHEDTA. Low FCR activity of roots grown at 2.5 or 5 μm FeHEDTA was attributed either to impaired metabolism due to Fe-deficiency or the lack of sufficient Fe for enhanced FCR formation. Roots of hydroponically grown tomato plants exhibited typical increases in FCR activity with Fe-deficiency. Based on these preliminary results, cultured roots were found to exhibit similar Physiological responses to Fe-deficiency stress as intact root systems. Cultured roots should provide a useful system for the investigation of the role of the root in plant Fe-deficiency stress responses as previously suggested by Bienfait et al.(Plant Physiol., 83, 244–247, 1987). 相似文献
This work studied the behavior of different iron (Fe)-chelates as substrates of ferric chelate reductase (FCR) and their ability as Fe suppliers for mildly chlorotic plants. FCR activity and Fe concentration in xylem sap were determined in green stressed cucumber plants with different stress levels using different synthetic chelates as substrates. Both reduction and Fe concentration in the xylem sap were higher for the less-stable Fe chelates, except for Fe-EDTA, which presented a relatively low Fe concentration in sap. It was concluded that a high stability of the chelate in the nutrient solution reduces the Fe reduction, but other factors, such as the complexation of the Fe(II) by the chelating agents, should be considered when the complete process of Fe uptake is studied. The use of both indexes together, i.e., FCR determination and xylem sap concentration, is useful for understanding the Fe uptake from different Fe chelates. 相似文献
Humic substances improve the efficiency of different iron (Fe) sources overcoming Fe deficiency chlorosis of plants. However, applied at high rates, they can promote negative effects on plants. The main objective of this work was to study the potential adverse effect of three humic acids from different origin when they were applied with two effective Fe sources for plants: Fe- ethylenediaminedihydroxyphenylacetic acid (EDDHA) and Vivianite. To this end, an experiment with lupin (Lupinus albus L.) was performed involving two factors: (i) Fe source, and (ii) humic substances from three different origin (composted cork, leonardite, and compost obtained from a mixture of olive husk with cotton gin trash) applied at 0, 0.1, and 0.5 g organic carbon (C) kg?1 of growing media. At the rates used, humic substances promoted adverse effects on plant development, chlorophyll meter readings, and Fe content in lupin grown in calcareous media. Overall, the effect on dry matter and Fe content in plants was more relevant when Fe was supplied with Vivianite, the effect on chlorophyll meter readings being more significant when Fe was applied as Fe-EDDHA. Differences were also observed depending on the source of humic substances, those from leonardite promoting the greatest decrease in dry matter in roots and shoots. These humic substances possessed the highest values of spectroscopy index for aromaticity (A254). On the other hand, the application of humic substances from olive husk compost, which exhibited the lower aromaticity index, resulted in the smallest decrease in dry matter production and chlorophyll meter readings. Dry matter in roots decreased logarithmically with increased values of the estimates of the amounts of aromatic compounds accumulated in the growing media (R2 = 0.92; P < 0.01) with Vivianite as Fe source. Thus, the effects decreasing dry matter production, particularly in roots, and chlorophyll meter readings can be ascribed at least partially to the presence of phytotoxic aromatic compounds in humic substances. 相似文献
In a greenhouse experiment, the effect of salinity and Fe chelate on growth and mineral uptake of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L. c.v. Record) was studied.
Sunflower plants were grown in nutrient solution with four levels of salinity (0, 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5 atm), induced by NaCl and four rates of Fe chelate (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5, ppm Fe) as FeEDDHA. The experiment was a completely randomized design with treatment combinations arranged in a factorial manner with three replications.
Dry matter yield, shoot‐root ratio, leaf area, plant height and transpiration decreased as salinity increased, the effect of salinity being depressed by iron applications. Salinity reduced P, K, Ca and Mg uptake by roots as well as that of N, P, K, Ca, Mg by shoots, while Fe applications increased uptake of these elements in roots and shoots. Both salinity and iron applications increased Cl, Na and Fe uptake by roots and shoots, as expected. In most instances salinity reduced uptake of Fe, Mn and Zn by the plants while iron applications improved uptake of these elements.
The sunflower plant used in this experiment was found to be, at least partly, tolerant to salinity and decreased water availability as well as toxicity of ions. Nutritional disorders were the cause of decreased plant growth by increasing salinity of the nutrient solution. The decreased plant growth and mineral uptake, induced by salinity, were partially offset by increased iron levels in the nutrient solution. 相似文献
Two kinds of Fe3+/TiO2 catalysts are prepared by Sol-gel method and hydrolysis method. XRD, UV-Vis, BET, curves of N 2 adsorption-desorption and 3D fluorescence are used to analyze the structures and properties of the catalysts, and their photocatalytic activities are investigated through degradation of DBP. The results show that two kinds of catalysts are anatase TiO 2. The band gap of the Fe3+/TiO 2 catalysts prepared by Sol-gel and hydrolysis method are 2.6 eV and 3.2 eV respectively, and the former with an absorption edge at 477 nm, while the latter with no redshift. The curves of N 2 adsorption-desorption of the Fe3+/TiO 2 catalysts prepared by Sol-gel and hydrolysis method are type Ⅳ and Ⅴ, their BET specific surface areas are 57.03 m2/g and 10.94 m2/g, and the hysteresis loop of the latter shifts to the high relative pressure region with a smaller pore volume and a bigger average pore diameter. Two kinds of catalysts can reduce photoluminescence properties of TiO 2 at various degrees, and the catalyst prepared by Sol-gel method shows a weaker photoluminescence property. The results of degradation experiment show the degradation rate of DBP by catalyst prepared by Sol-gel method and hydrolysis method are 60.53% and 31.83% respectively after 2 h. 相似文献
A type of TiO 2 /bamboo charcoal composite made by a dip-dry method was loaded onto wood veneer with a vacuumpressure method in order to prepare modified poplar veneer.The pore structure parameters and surface morphology of the TiO 2 /bamboo charcoal composite were determined and analyzed by means of a porosimetry analyzer and SEM.The results show that the surface morphology of the composite does not change after being loaded with nano TiO 2.However,its specific surface area (359.814 m 2 ·g-1),pore volume (0.317 cm 3 ·g-1) and average pore diameter (3.526 nm) increased;particularly the cumulative volume of pores was increased by 65.83%.In addition,the distribution range of the pores was wider than that of the bamboo charcoal.Combining the SEM of unmodified and modified poplar veneer,the results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that actually some TiO 2 compounds,i.e.,4.08%,are imbedded in the modified poplar veneer. 相似文献